Railway joint bar



June 9, 1931. c. w. BREED ET AL 1,809,

RAILWAY JOINT BAR Filed Nov. 5, 1939 s Sheets-Sheet 1 HQRIZ. LlN E -,CENTROID FIG 1 INVENTORS CHARLES w BREED GEO. R. BURKHARDT ATT'Ys Jung 9, 1931. c. w. BREED ET AL RAILWAY JOI'NT BAR Filed Nov. 3, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS CHARLES W BREED GEO. BY Q nk R. BURKHARDT ATT'YS f FIG-5 NNNNNNNNNN CHARLES vv. BREED June 9, 1931. w. BREED ET AL 1.809,104

RAILWAY JOIN'T BAR INVENTORS CHARLES WBREED GEOR. BURKHARDT ATT' S June 9, 1931. C. w. BREED ET AL 1,809,104

Filed Nov. 3, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 ,6 INENT0S CHARLES W. BREED ATT'Ys Patented June 9.. 1931 l UNITED STATES PATENT oFmcE CHARLES W. BREED, WESTERN SPRINGS, D GEORGE E. BURKEABJJ'F, 0] CHICAGO,

rumors RAILWAY .rom'r nAn This invention relates to rail oint bar construction embodyin the use of upper and lower flanges unite by a center member or web and its purpose is to produce a unit of this character well suited to withstand the bending and torsional strains to which such joint bars are subjected in a railroad track while at the same time securing these properties with a minimum weight of metal in 1 the bar. To this end within the space available the distance from outer face to outer face of the bar has been increased, permitting the development of larger inner flanges than are commonly used .without materially curtailing the space available for outer flanges. The inner flanges have also been reenforced by the PIOVlSlOIl of bracing ribs or brackets integrally formed at intervals and to maintain a substantially uniform cross sectional area throughout the bar, the braces or brackets for the u per flange are disposed in alternating relation to those of the lower flange and both sets of braces are tapered toward the web into which they merge.

Most shapes of bar used for this purpose are termed unsymmetrical, that is, bending takes place about a line or plane other than the horizontal unless highly restrained, and thus introduces stresses much higher than would 80 be expected from the analysis of the properties of the cross sectional area about its horizontal line of centroids. A purpose of the present invention is. to effect such distribution of the metal throughout the cross-section of the bar that when it is'crowded into position between the inclined upper face of the rail base flange and the oppositely inclined under face of the rail head and subjected to the usual stress of service the bendmg action of the bar will take place about an axis not far from the horizontal.

The invention therefore consists in certain features of the design and proportioning of various parts and elements of the structure as hereinafter more fully described and shown claims.

In the drawings: Figurel re resents the cross-sectional out! 60 line of star esigned in accordance with our in the drawings and as indicated by the 7 BEISSUED invention for use with a llO-pound rail and for comparison includes a dot-dash outline of a certain standard form of bar.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic outline of the cross-section of a bar embodying this invention with certain axes of moments indicated thereon.

Figure 3 is an end elevation of a joint bar designed in accordance with this invention.

' Figure 4 is a side elevation showing the outer face of the bar.

Figures 5, 6 and 7 are vertical cross sections taken as indicated respectively at lines, 5-5, 6-6, and 7-7 on Figure 4.

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic-sectional view of a modification of the bar shown in Figure 3 and includes the dotted outline of another form of bar for the sake of comparison.

- Figure 9 is a sectional view of another modification compared with. the same dotted outline as that of Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a top plan view of a joint bar made in accordance with this invention.

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic outline of the cross-sectional shape of a further modifica-- 75 tion embodying certain of the, principles of this invention. g

Figure 12 is a transverse section takenas indicated at line, 1212, on Figure 10.

Figure 13 is a perspective view of a fragment of a joint bar embodying this invention showing the inner side of the bar with its integral braces between the web andflanges. a

It is well understood b those versed in the art that themoment o inertia of a body is a measure or function of its resistanceto Ix-fydA Generally the moments of inertia of an area a out difierent lines or axes throughmc the same point are unequal. The principal axes are those at right angles to each other for which the values of the moment of inertia are maximum and minimum.

Figure 2 shows the horizontal axis XX, the vertical axis Y- Y. The principal axes, X'X' and Y'-Y are drawn at the angle of free bending oz. The axes of moments U-U and VV are drawn through the center of gravit at an angle a, which in this case is 45. in the following discussion the value of the inertia moments will be designated,-

Moment of inertia about XX =10: Moment of inertia about Y-Y=ly Moment of inertia about U-U=Iu In a symmetrical shape the principal axes are XX-and YY. In an unsymmetrical shape the principal axes are at an angle to the horizontal through the center of gravity. This induces much higher stresses in the remote fibres than would be found from analysis about the horizontal axis.

A purpose of this invention is to provide a new and novel distribution of metal in a joint bar whereby the necessarily unsymmetrical shape will have a low value of 0:, thus reducing the stresses in the remote fibres to approximately those found from consideration about the horizontal axes.

Furthermore, a geometric property of an area with respect to the X-X and YY axes is known as the product of inertia. The mathematical designation being y f y It is known that Jay sin 2a =Iz cos a +Iy sin I'u Also 2Jxy 1; I0: The distribution of metal provided-in our invention increases the value of Ia thus obviously reducing the value of Jwy and the angle 11- Furthermore, the present inven- Tan 2a= 'tion so distributes the metal in the cross section of the bar as to eatly reduce the value of 0: compared to t at found in ordinary bars, while at the same time increasing the moments of inertia about the XX and YY axes with the utmost economyard type of bar designatedas Q-53066. In the full line outline representing the present invention the web of the bar is indicated at 1, and the up er outer flange at 2. 3 is the upper inner ange while 4 is the outline of an integral bracket or rib formation connecting the upper inner flange with the web and merging into the latter as more clearly shown in the side view of the bar embodied in Figure 3. The inner lower flange 5 and the outer lower flange 6 are joined to the upper flanges by the Web, 1, and it may be noted that the outer flange, 6, terminates outwardly in vertical alignment with the edge of the rail base flange shown at A in dashed outline.

A standard form of track spike is indicated in full outline at 7 for the purpose of comparison of its dimension, H, representing its greatest head projection with the width of the lower outer flange, 6, of the joint bar.

It will be seen that in our design the web,

1, has been shifted outwardly away from the web of the track rail to such an extent that the outer lower flange, 6, is of less lateral extent than the dimension, H; therefore at the rail joints the spikes are reversed from their usual position leaving the larger head projection extending away from the rail instead of overhanging the joint bar. The shorter side of the head may thus be engaged with the upper surface of the flange, 6, and this is found entirely satisfactory.

In the joint bar itself the outline of a lower bracket or rib, 8, is seen connecting the lower fiange, 5, with the web, 1. The head ortion of the track rail is indicated at B.

n this development of the bar it will be noted that while the lower outer flange, 6, does not extend laterally beyond the vertical plane of the ed e of the rail base flange, A, the upper outer flange, 2, does extend beyond this plane to approximately the extent of the shaded area, 11, of Figure 2.. At the same time, as

compared with the dot-dash outline of the bar Q-53066 the corner area shaded at 10 in Figure 2 is omitted from the bar developed according to the present invention. The reason for this will be evident upon considering that it is a purpose of this invention to increase the moment of inertia about the U U axis, and at the same time increase the moment about XX and YY. Obviously the area, 10, being ve near to the axis U- U would have very little moment, whereas this amount of metal, applied to the bar at the area, 11, is at a considerable distance from the axis, U- U, giving a greater moment about this axis and also avgreater moment about X-X and YY than the area, 10.

Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and- 7 illustrate a bar developed in accordance with this invention and quite similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2, though notidentical therewith the tion of the outer face 0 the joint bar.

intersection of the bracket portions 4 and 8 with the Web, 1. The intersection of the under side of the upper inner flange, 3, with the web, 1, is indicated on Figure 3 by the dotted line, 12, and .it is also shown clearly in the sectional view, Figure 5. The interal brackets, 4, which connect the upper ange, 3, with the web, 1, intersect the vertical face of the web, 1, at 13; this intersection is indicated by a dotted line 13, on Figure 4 because this fi re is a side elevaf The lower brackets, 8, are shown intersecting the web, 1, at 14, and this intersection is also indicated by the dotted outline on Figure 4. 16 represents the point at which the upper bracket, 4, merges with the flange, 3, and 17 marks the intersection of the lower bracket, 8, with the top of the fiange, 5. The normal outline of the flange, 5, intersects the web, 1, at 15.

The integral brackets, 4 and 8 of this design therefore approximate the shape of bisected pyramids fitted into the angles between the web, 1, and the upper and lower inner flanges; and the inner face of the web which remains between the bases of these pyramidal forms is seen in Figure 4 as an area of uniformhei ht but of sinuous outline extending longitudinally of the bar, owing to the alternate positioning of the upper and lower brackets, 4 and 8, respectively, which serves to preserve substantially uniform cross section throughout the length of the bar.

Figures 5, 6 and 7 being indicated as cross sections on Figure 4 are substantially selfexplanatory; The substantial uniformity in mathematical properties of these successive sections is indicated in the table below:

Figures 8 and 9 are transverse sections representing slight modifications or deviations from the design above disclosed and in each of these figures there is superimposed a dotted outline of a standard form of joint bar now in use. The sectional outline of Figure 8 presents an area having a moment of inertia approximately equal to that of the dotted outline. From the following table it will be noted that the area itself is slightly smaller, indicating that in a bar designed in accordance with our invention the resulting ratio of the moment of inertia to the area affords the more eflicient metal distribution:

Section" modulus below Section modulus above 0 of G to highest llbre C of G to lowest fibre Moment 0! inertia XX axis Area Section area:

Dotted area:

. Mo- 0 of G C of G M0- Section Section ment Am to to ment modumoduoi in- Angle lowest highest of inhis 5 ertia a.

fibre fibre ertia above below Y Y i BXIS Section area:

4.74] 2.27 2.16 8.95 4.14 3.94 1.23 36 Dotted area:

vantages of our invention which involves moving the vertical web, 1, of the joint bar further away from the web of the track rail than has been customary, and then reenforc- 'ing the inner flanges which are thus considerably widened, the reenforcemnt con:.. sti ng in the integral brackets positioned at intervals as already described. The construction which we have invented thus develops a much lower value of 0: than found in bars of this general shape heretofore, and thereby reduces the unit stress in the bar as well as relieving the strain on the bolts used for secure ment, which materially reduces the cost of maintenance involved in the necessary tightening of these bolts in the track.

. Figure 11 is an end elevation or sectional outline of a d1ficat1on of our invention of p the so called angle type. 1his bar is designed for use with 110-pound rail and" o -inch bolts. If a 6-inch bolt is used the braced construction heretofore described may be included in the design as at 4. This bar is of the type in which the lower outer flange, 6, overhangs the base flange, A, of the rail and is usually notched for the rail spikes not shown. It will be seen that in this design, as in that of Figure 9, the upper inner flange lines within the U-U axis of moments which is drawn at 45 degrees to the horizontal axis, X-X, while the lower outer flange is kept entirely below this axis extended, the per use of which will be readily apparent to t .ose skilled in the art. r

These comparisons indicate clearly the ad- It will be understood that the designs herein shown and described are presented to illustrate the principles of our invention and that we do not limit ourselves specifically thereto except in so far as indicated by the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A rail joint bar com rising inner and outer upper flanges united y a web to inner and outer lower flanges with integral bracing portions at intervals connecting the Web to the inner upper flange and terminating downwardly in the web.

2. A rail joint bar comprising inner and outer upper flanges united by a web to inner and outer lower flanges with integral bracing portions at intervals, connecting said inner lower flange to the web and terminating upwardly in said web" 7 j 3. A rail joint bar comprising an inner upper flange and an inner lower flange united by a web with separate integral braces between said web and said flanges respectively, said braces terminating in the web and being disposed at intervals longitudinally of the bar and the upper braces alternating in longitudinal sequence with the lower braces.

4. In the combination defined in claim 3, said braces being vertically tapered with their small ends merging in the web surface.

5. In the combination defined in claim 3, said braces being vertically tapered with their small ends merging in the web surface, so that the cross section of the bar is substantially uniform-in area throughout its length.

6. A rail joint bar comprising upper inner and outer flanges united by a web to lower inner and outer flanges with the lower outer flange dimensioned to lie within a vertical projection of the edge of the rail base while the outer upper flange extends beyond said projection.

7. A rail joint bar-comprising inner and outer upper flan es united by a web to inner and outer lower anges in which the width of the lower outer flange is substantially less than the greatest head rojection of a standard spike designed to e used with the rail which the bar is dimensioned to serve.

8. .A rail joint bar comprising inner and outer upper flanges united by a web to inner and outer lower flanges, and in which the width of the lower outer flange does not exceed 21/32 of an inch, and said flange lies wholly within the vertical plane of the edge of the rail base, and the upper outer flange of the bar extends beyond said plane.

9. An unsymmetrical rail joint bar havin inner and outer upper flanges united by a we to inner-and outer lower flanges, and of such cross section that the inner upper flange lies wholly within axes of moments at right angles to each other and drawn at forty-five degrees to the horizontal axis through the center of gravity of the section, while the upper outer flange has its outer corner extended at least to one of said axes.

10. An unsymmetrical rail joint bar having inner and outer upper flanges united by a web to inner and outer lower flanges, and

.of such cross section that the inner upper flange lies wholly within axes of moments at right angles to each other and drawn at fortyfive degrees to the horizontal axis through the center of gravity of the section, while the upper outer flan e extends beyond the vertical projection o the edge of the .base flange of the traflic rail with which the bar is designed for use.

11. An unsymmetrical rail joint bar having inner and outer upper flanges united by a web'to inner and outer lower flanges, and of such cross section that the inner upper flange lies wholly within axes of moments at right angles to each other and drawn at fortyfive degrees to the horizontal axis throu h the center of gravity of the section, while t e upper outer flange has its outer corner extended at least to one of said axes, the lower outer flange 1 ing within the vertical projection of the e ge of the rail base.

12. An unsymmetrical rail joint bar hav- -ing an upper outer flange united to a web and of such cross section that its outermost corner extends beyond an axis of moments drawn at forty-five degrees to the horizontal axis through the center of gravity of the section.

13. In a rail joint bar having upper and lower flanges provided with inte al brace portions at intervals terminating 1n the web and so arranged that the bar is of substantiall uniform cross sectional area throughout its length.

14. A rail joint bar comprising an inner upper flange and an inner lower flange united by a web with separate'integral braces between said web and said flanges respectively,

said braces being disposed at intervals longitudinally of the bar with the upper braces alternating in lon itudinal sequence with the lower braces so t at the bar is of substantially uniform cross sectional area throughout its length.

. 15. In a rail jointvbar havin upper and lower flanges providedwith bracmg portions at intervals and so arranged that the moment of inertia is substantially uniform for all cross sections of the bar throughout its length.

16. In a rail joint bar having up r and lower flanges provided with integral ram portions at intervals, so arranged that the bar is of substantially uniform cross sectional area throughout its length, and that the moment of inertia is substantially uniform for fill cross sections throughout the length of the 17. A rail joint bar comprising an inner upper flange and an inner lower flange united by a web with separate integral braces between said web and said flanges respectively, said braces being disposed at intervals longitudinally of the bar with the upper braces alternating in longitudinal sequence with the lower braces so that the bar is of substantially uniform cross sectional area throughout its length, and the moment of inertia is substantially uniform for all cross sections throughout the length of the bar.

18. A rail joint bar having 11 per inner and outer flanges united by a we to lower inner and outer flanges, said lower outer flange projecting downwardly beyond the 15 edge of the rail base; the upper inner flange lying within axes of moments drawn at right angles to each other and at forty five degrees to the horizontal axis through the center of gravity of the cross section of the bar and said lower outer flange lying wholly within said axes extended downwardly.

' CHARLES W. BREED.

GEORGE E. BUREARDT. 

